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  • 2023年3月25日

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    In the state of Washington, verbal agreements are legally binding. This means that if you make a promise or agreement with someone verbally, it can be enforceable in court. However, it is important to note that proving the terms of a verbal agreement can be difficult without any written documentation or witnesses.

    To avoid any potential legal disputes, it is recommended to always try to get any agreements in writing. This can include contracts, emails, texts, or even handwritten notes. Having written documentation can ensure that both parties are on the same page and that there is a clear understanding of the terms of the agreement.

    In cases where a verbal agreement is the only option, it is important to keep detailed records of the conversations and agreements made. This can include taking notes during the conversation or sending follow-up emails to confirm the terms discussed. Having a clear record of the agreement can help if there is a dispute in the future.

    It is also important to keep in mind that certain contracts, such as those involving real estate or employment, may have specific requirements for written agreements. It is always best to consult with an attorney to ensure that you are following all legal requirements for your specific situation.

    In summary, while verbal agreements are legally binding in Washington state, it is recommended to always try to get any agreements in writing. If a verbal agreement is the only option, keeping detailed records and consulting with an attorney can help protect both parties in the event of a dispute.

  • 2023年3月18日

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    Master Netting Agreement in Italiano: Understanding its Importance and Key Features

    A Master Netting Agreement (MNA) is a contractual arrangement between two or more parties that allows them to consolidate and offset their various financial obligations. Essentially, an MNA is a legal framework that helps parties to net out their mutual obligations and simplify their financial relationships.

    In the context of derivatives and securities trading, an MNA can be especially important. By allowing parties to net out their obligations, it can reduce counterparty risk and improve liquidity. This can be particularly valuable in situations where parties are engaging in high-volume, high-value transactions.

    In the Italian context, an MNA is known as a “Accordo di Chiusura Netta.” The Italian version of an MNA typically includes all of the key features found in other versions of the agreement around the world. These features include:

    1. Definitions: The MNA will define key terms used in the agreement, such as “netting,” “termination,” and “default.”

    2. Scope: The MNA will specify which transactions are covered by the agreement. This can include all trades, or it may be limited to certain types of trades or products.

    3. Netting: The MNA will set out the rules for how netting will be calculated. This may include provisions for calculating the net amount due between the parties on a transaction-by-transaction basis or a portfolio basis.

    4. Termination: The MNA will specify how and when the agreement can be terminated. This may include provisions for automatic termination in the event of certain events, such as insolvency or default.

    5. Governing Law: The MNA will specify which law governs the agreement. In the Italian context, this will typically be Italian law.

    6. Jurisdiction: The MNA will specify the jurisdiction for any disputes that arise under the agreement. In the Italian context, this will typically be an Italian court or an international arbitration venue.

    Overall, a Master Netting Agreement can be an extremely valuable tool for parties engaging in derivatives and securities trading. By providing a clear legal framework for netting out obligations, it can help reduce risk and improve liquidity. If you are considering entering into an MNA in the Italian context, it is important to work with an experienced legal advisor who can help you navigate the nuances of Italian law and ensure that your MNA is tailored to your specific needs.

  • 2023年3月16日

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    When two or more airlines agree to share the same flight, it is called a codeshare agreement. It means that one airline operates the flight, but it can be sold by another airline using a different flight number. Essentially, it is a partnership between airlines to share resources and extend their reach.

    Codeshare agreements are a win-win for both airlines and passengers. Airlines benefit from reduced operating costs, increased customer loyalty, and access to new markets. Passengers benefit from more flight options, better connections, and seamless travel experiences.

    For example, if you booked a flight with United Airlines, but it is operated by Lufthansa, it means that United Airlines has a codeshare agreement with Lufthansa. You may also see this on your ticket as “operated by” or “flight operated by.”

    Codeshare agreements are common in the airline industry, and many airlines have multiple codeshare partnerships. They allow airlines to expand their route network without investing in expensive new routes or aircraft. For passengers, this means that they can travel to more destinations, even if the airline they booked with doesn`t operate flights in that region.

    It`s important to note that codeshare agreements do not always mean that airlines have a close relationship. Sometimes, airlines may have codeshare agreements with other airlines to fill empty seats, or to offer connections to smaller airports that they don`t serve. In other cases, airlines may use codeshare agreements to market flights that they can`t sell on their own.

    Overall, codeshare agreements have become an essential part of the airline industry. They allow airlines to work together and improve their services, while offering passengers more options and convenience. So next time you book a flight, keep an eye out for codeshare agreements and discover new routes and airlines.